Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, established in 2002, is Nepal's ninth national park and holds significant ecological importance. Situated in the mid-hills on the northern edge of the Kathmandu Valley, it derives its name from Shivapuri Peak, which stands at an altitude of 2,732 meters (8,963 feet). Encompassing an area of 159 square kilometers (61 square miles), the park spans across the districts of Kathmandu, Nuwakot, and Sindhupalchowk, and extends into the Dhading District in the west. It is adjacent to 23 Village Development Committees.
The park has a diverse range of vegetation, primarily consisting of middle hill forests found between altitudes of 1,000 to 1,800 meters (3,300 to 5,900 feet). These forests represent the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf biome, with different plant associations based on altitude and bioclimatic zones.
In the lower and upper subtropical bioclimatic zones, the dominant vegetation includes Schima-Castanopsis associations. These forests feature a variety of tree species such as Schima wallichii and Castanopsis indica.
On the southern dry ridges within the park, chir pine stands are prevalent. Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) is a common coniferous tree in the region, well-adapted to drier climates.
Along streams and watercourses, one can find associations of alder, wild Himalayan cherry, Engelhardia, and ring-cupped oak. These species thrive in the moist conditions provided by the water sources.
Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park supports a rich and diverse ecosystem, providing habitat for numerous plant and animal species. Its conservation status helps to preserve the natural heritage of Nepal and contributes to the protection of biodiversity in the region.
Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park offers a habitat for a wide range of fauna, including various species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Some notable species found within the park include:
Mammals: The park is home to several mammalian species, including Himalayan black bear, barking deer, yellow-throated marten, Himalayan ghoral, leopard, wild boar, and langur monkeys.
Birds: Birdwatchers can enjoy spotting a variety of avian species in the park, including Kalij pheasant, Himalayan monal, chestnut-headed tesia, Eurasian eagle-owl, and various species of warblers, flycatchers, and laughing thrushes.
Reptiles: Common reptiles found in the park include snakes such as the common cobra, rat snake, and Himalayan pit viper, as well as lizard species like the skink and agamid lizards.
Amphibians: Amphibians like the Himalayan newt, Himalayan toad, and various frog species inhabit the park's wetter areas, contributing to its biodiversity.
Apart from its ecological significance, Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park also holds cultural and religious importance. The area is dotted with sacred sites, including temples, monasteries, and hermitages, which are visited by pilgrims and devotees. Additionally, the park serves as a recreational destination for locals and tourists alike, offering opportunities for hiking, birdwatching, and nature exploration.
Efforts are continually made to conserve and manage the park's natural resources, including initiatives for sustainable tourism, habitat protection, and community involvement. Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park remains a valuable asset for Nepal in terms of biodiversity conservation, cultural heritage preservation, and eco-tourism development.
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